What is a Backup

The best place to start is always at the beginning!

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Definition of a Backup:

A backup, or data backup, or the process of backing up, refers to the copying into an archive file of computer data that is already in secondary storage—so that it may be used to restore the original after a data loss event.

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Or in very simple terms - You have a spare copy

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Why Backup?

Memory cards or computer systems or disk drives drives will fail or be attacked.

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Where do you Backup?

In camera, In Computer, Outside computer, Off Site

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In Camera Backup

Yes this process actually begins as you are taking your photographs.

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Many cameras these days have two card slots and typically these two card slots can work in the following ways;

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Option 1   

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Option 2

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Option 3 ✔

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So you should be using Option 3 and why you may ask?

• Memory card will fail

• Memory cards are relatively cheap these days

• If card A fails then all of your images are safe on card B
  You are backed up

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Some additional points.

• Often the card slots are for different types of Memory cards

  • Put your fastest card in slot A if the camera saves to that slot first

  • Typically in speed order XQD > Compact Flash > SD

• Make sure the cards are the same size eg

  • Card A 64Mb   and  Card B 64Mb

• Ideally ensure that the cards are the same speed in their transfer rates mb/sec​ as the slowest card will dictate the speed

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Another point you should consider is the size of the card and if you go for big cards or go for smaller cards which will need changing.

- Your choice?

Do you put all your eggs in one basket?

CARD A

CARD B

In Computer Backup

First of all lets look at a standard computer and what it contains

As you will be aware your computer, desk station or laptop, contains a hard drive (HDD) and this is where all of your images are stored. There are 3 types of hard drive and which type of drive can have some influence on the chances of it failing and the associated loss of images.

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Mechanical (HDD)
This is the traditional style of drive and it contains a series for spinning discs and a mechanism or actuator arm that saves the data onto the disks and also reads the data from the disks.

Pros - Cheap, can rewrite many many times​
Cons - Mechanical, not as safe to transport as SSD,       Slow compared to SSD

Hybrid Solid State (hybrid HSSD)
Contains two elements a small non mechanical drive SSD section that is used for the operating system and a mechanical section with an actuator arm that is used for data storage

Pros  - Little more expensive, can rewrite many many times
​Cons - Mechanical, not as safe to transport as SSD,       Slow compared to SSD

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Solid State Drive (SSD)
Contains a series of micro chips on a card and has no moving parts to it. 

Pros  - Very fast, No mechanical section with an actuator arm. Safe to transport
​Cons - Most expensive, older models can rewrite a limited number of times (still a lot)

The Option already on Your Computer

This does not matter if you have a PC or a Mac they both come with a system that will back up your files so that if you accidental delete a file you can recover it.

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Mac Option
This is called Time Machine and comes as part of the operating software all you need to do is set it up correctly

https://www.imore.com/how-back-up-mac-time-machine

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PC Option

This is called File History and comes as part of the operating software all you need to do is set it up correctly

https://www.pcworld.com/article/2974385/how-to-use-windows-10s-file-history-backup-feature.html

If you are activating these on the computer you purchased and using the HDD on the computer then you are in a better place because you can recover deleted files and go back to previous versions.

You are still vulnerable to disk failure, viruses and don't have an archive capability.

To get the most out these systems you should be saving to a totally separate drive

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Mid Point Review

What have we achieved so far?

We have allowed for and mitigated 

• In camera storage device failure ✔

• In computer failure of our main drive ✔
   

We have not achieved

• Actual backup outside of our main operating systems 

• Off site backup.
  This means you images are stored away from where you operate so in a worst case scenario of fire or flood they are not lost.

• Successfully achieving this will create space on you system and stop it clogging up.
  An archive system 

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Off Computer Backup & Archive

The focus of this option is to store your images outside of your main computer and also to archive them within you full control.

CD's, DVD's, Blu Rays, Flash Drive's

These are ok to use in a limited way but they have too may disadvantage to make them a genuine viable option. They all suffer from a number of these issues;
 

1. Low storage capability 

2. Old technology that may soon disappear 

3. New computers don't have the capacity to read them 

4. Not the cheapest option when you compare like with like 

5. They will decay or degrade with time 

6. Once created they are fixed 

7. Difficult to store 

Off Computer Independent HDD

This concept may appear similar to a Raid Drive but is in fact a totally different option.These are sometimes referred to as a DAS (Direct-attached storage) device

This system uses HDD's that are connected to your computer but work totally independently and are controlled by you. You connect an external HDD to your computer and you decided whae you turn it on and off and when you save or archive data 

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There are two different ways of doing this

1. Attach an external HDD to you computer

2. Attach a HDD docking station

External HDD

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These drives can be purchased as SSD or standard HDD

The Seagate 4 TB Backup Plus USB 3.0 Portable 2.5 Inch External Hard Drive for PC and Mac is a typical option.

Pros:

• Cheap option

• Very easy to install

• Modern ones are quite small

• You can take the drive with you
  and easily connect it to another computer

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Cons:

• Will use a USB point

  • as this is the typical connection point

• When its full you need to add another

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Tip:

• Ensure you invest in a large capacity drive as that will work out cheaper in the long run

• Decide on you filing system and follow it or you wont be able to find things

  • I would suggest the following structure​

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Installation is simple for both PC and Mac

https://www.wikihow.com/Add-an-External-Hard-Drive-to-Your-Computer

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There is a system for connection and disconnection that should be followed to avoid damage to the drive.

https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001876.htm

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How Does it work

Once this connected, formatted and visible on your computer you are good to go.

You need to ensure you are organised and have a good file structure

Something like this; 

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​ I would suggest using this drive in the following way

• Set aside a slot at the start of each month for computer house keeping

• Update the Backup aspects as you go

• Once a month do your archiving

• Only turn the external derive on when you need it then it is protected from viruses and ransom ware

• It is labour intensive but it works ok

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HDD Docking station

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This is a unit that connects to your computer and allows to to connect muliple external HDDs to your compute and then interchange them.

Firstly the Docking Station itself

The inateck USB 3.0 to SATA 2-Bay USB 3.0 Hard Drive Docking Station with Offline Clone Function is a good example and possesses the majority of features you should be looking for;

• Hot swap capability (still better not to hot swap)

• Fast transfer speeds

• USB 3.0

• Can take standard computer 3.5" HDD with a Sata connection

• Can take standard laptop 2.5" HDD with a Sata connection

• Can clone one drive onto another

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Once you have purchased your docking station follow the instructions and connect to the computer which should be a simple plug and play exercise.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKyblCkSGok

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With the unit connected the use of the system you simply place a 3.52 or 2.25 inch sata HDD into the unit and turn it on.  If the unit is going to be turned on only when you need it then 7200 rpm drives can be used if however its going to be left on constantly you may need to use a NAS drive 5400rpm (check with your docking station supplier)
You will need to initialise and format the drives.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxV6IcNvbek

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDeCVUFl-Ac

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https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/format-drive-for-windows-and-mac

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So now you have this setup how do you use it?

• You can add and remove different drives

• You can have different drives for different things 

• its easy to have an archive drive

• if for added security you want to copy a drive then the clone function will assist with this

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You now have the ability to Off-Computer archive and backup with total flexibility with drives store remotely even if the worst thing happens to you computer you data is stored safe on a shelf.

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Remember to purchase HDD storage cases so the drives are kept clean and safe when not in use

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A fancier way of doing this is with a unit such as a Drobo DRDR6A31 5D3 5 Bay Desktop DAS Enclosure which holds up to 5 drives and offers greater flexibility and control.

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Visit the Drobo site where they offer photography tailored solutions for PC and Mac

https://www.drobo.com/photography/

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The choice on which option you use will probably come down to how much you want to spend and how much you want to control things. Both of these docking station options are good solutions - it all depends what you want?

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